{"id":98178,"date":"2020-07-28T17:54:08","date_gmt":"2020-07-28T14:54:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.luga.bg\/blog\/%d0%b4-%d1%80-%d0%b3%d0%b5%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b3%d0%b8-%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b2-%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%b9%d1%82%d0%b5-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%b7-2\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T23:34:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T20:34:22","slug":"dr-georgi-jelev-nu-va-dezinfectati-mainile-cu-rachiu-de-prima-distilare-si-alcool-de-ardere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.luga.bg\/ro\/blog\/dr-georgi-jelev-nu-va-dezinfectati-mainile-cu-rachiu-de-prima-distilare-si-alcool-de-ardere\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Georgi Jelev: nu v\u0103 dezinfecta\u021bi m\u00e2inile cu rachiu de prim\u0103 distilare \u0219i alcool de ardere"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Dr. Georgi Jelev<\/strong> este cadru didactic la Universitatea Tracic\u0103 \u0219i specialist \u00een epidemiologie, boli infec\u021bioase \u0219i medicin\u0103 preventiv\u0103. La \u00eenceputul pandemiei de COVID-19 (iulie 2020), teama de infectare a \u00eempins mul\u021bi oameni c\u0103tre metode \u201ede cas\u0103\u201d periculoase de dezinfec\u021bie \u2014 cu alcool metilic, antigel sau prima frac\u021biune de rachiu. Iat\u0103 sfaturile sale \u0219i pericolele despre care avertizeaz\u0103.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lb-summary\">\n<p class=\"lb-summary-title\">Pe scurt<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nu folosi\u021bi<\/strong> spirt de ars, prima frac\u021biune de rachiu \u0219i antigel \u2014 alcoolul metilic \u0219i etilenglicolul se absorb \u0219i prin piele \u0219i sunt puternic toxice.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru dezinfec\u021bie folosi\u021bi <strong>alcool etilic 70%<\/strong> \u2014 acesta ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai bine dec\u00e2t cel de 95%.<\/li>\n<li>Ad\u0103uga\u021bi 10% glicerin\u0103, pentru a nu usca pielea.<\/li>\n<li>Ave\u021bi grij\u0103 cu alcoolul la bebelu\u0219i \u0219i copii mici.<\/li>\n<li>Sp\u0103larea temeinic\u0103 cu s\u0103pun \u0219i ap\u0103 cald\u0103 este suficient de eficient\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Ce alcool este potrivit pentru dezinfec\u021bie?<\/h2>\n<p>\u201eCel mai bun mijloc de dezinfec\u021bie a m\u00e2inilor sunt <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luga.bg\/ro\/product_category\/dezinfectanti-ro\/\">dezinfectan\u021bii pe baz\u0103 de alcool<\/a>. Virusul are un \u00eenveli\u0219 lipidic, iar alcoolii \u00eel distrug literalmente \u00een c\u00e2teva secunde\u201d, explic\u0103 dr. Jelev. Dar alcoolii sunt diferi\u021bi \u2014 unii sunt potrivi\u021bi, al\u021bii absolut nepotrivi\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Potrivite sunt <strong>alcoolul etilic (spirtul)<\/strong>, <strong>alcoolul izopropilic<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>n-propanolul<\/strong>, care intr\u0103 \u00een compozi\u021bia dezinfectan\u021bilor profesionali pentru m\u00e2ini.<\/p>\n<h2>De ce este periculos spirtul de ars<\/h2>\n<p>Mul\u021bi se \u00eentreab\u0103 dac\u0103 pot folosi spirt de ars. R\u0103spunsul scurt este <strong>nu<\/strong>. Cea mai mare parte a spirtului de ars con\u021bine <strong>alcool metilic<\/strong> \u2014 o substan\u021b\u0103 puternic toxic\u0103, care poate duce la intoxica\u021bii grave. \u00cen Iran, zeci de oameni au b\u0103ut alcool metilic pentru a se proteja de coronavirus, iar peste 60 au murit.<\/p>\n<p>Majoritatea oamenilor \u0219tiu c\u0103 alcoolul metilic nu se bea, dar nu \u0219tiu c\u0103 este periculos \u0219i <strong>\u00een uz extern<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>se absoarbe prin piele \u0219i ajunge \u00een s\u00e2nge;<\/li>\n<li>la dezinfectarea suprafe\u021belor, mai ales \u00een spa\u021bii \u00eenchise, vaporii s\u0103i sunt inhala\u021bi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De aceea, \u00een 2018 Comisia European\u0103 a limitat alcoolul metilic din lichidele de parbriz la 0,6% \u2014 vaporii sunt inhala\u021bi de pasageri. \u00cen spirtul de ars, concentra\u021bia lui este de circa 93%.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen s\u00e2nge, ficatul descompune alcoolul metilic \u00een formaldehid\u0103 \u2014 o substan\u021b\u0103 puternic toxic\u0103 \u0219i cancerigen\u0103 \u2014 iar apoi \u00een acid formic \u0219i al\u021bi compu\u0219i, care provoac\u0103 leziuni grave.<\/p>\n<h2>Prima frac\u021biune de rachiu \u2014 nici m\u0103car pentru frec\u021bii<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen niciun caz nu folosi\u021bi pentru dezinfec\u021bie nici a\u0219a-numita <strong>prim\u0103 frac\u021biune<\/strong> de la rachiul de cas\u0103 \u2014 aceasta con\u021bine \u00een principal alcool metilic. Oamenii \u0219tiu c\u0103 nu trebuie s\u0103 o bea, dar gre\u0219eala frecvent\u0103 este s\u0103 o foloseasc\u0103 pentru frec\u021bii \u0219i masaje, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i dea seama c\u0103 se absoarbe prin piele.<\/p>\n<h2>Antigelul<\/h2>\n<p>Antigelul con\u021bine etilenglicol \u2014 un alcool care nu are ac\u021biune antiviral\u0103 \u0219i este extrem de toxic. Intoxica\u021bia poate ap\u0103rea la \u00eenghi\u021bire, prin piele la \u201edezinfectarea\u201d m\u00e2inilor sau la inhalarea vaporilor. Etilenglicolul provoac\u0103 leziuni foarte grave, chiar mortale, ale rinichilor \u0219i creierului.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lb-tip\">\n<p class=\"lb-tip-title\">Semne de intoxica\u021bie cu alcool metilic<\/p>\n<p>Apar de la c\u00e2teva minute p\u00e2n\u0103 la c\u00e2teva ore \u0219i chiar zile dup\u0103 contact: dureri de cap, ame\u021beli, v\u0103rs\u0103turi, tulbur\u0103ri de vedere \u2014 a\u0219a-numita \u201efurtun\u0103 de z\u0103pad\u0103\u201d \u00een fa\u021ba ochilor. Intoxica\u021bia se poate \u00eencheia cu com\u0103 \u0219i deces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La cea mai mic\u0103 suspiciune, suna\u021bi imediat la 112.<\/strong> Antidotul (alcool etilic sau un medicament special) se administreaz\u0103 \u00een spital. Acela\u0219i tratament se aplic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cazul intoxica\u021biei cu antigel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Alcool 70% sau 95%?<\/h2>\n<p>Cel mai des, oamenii aleg alcoolul de 95%, pentru c\u0103 se g\u00e2ndesc c\u0103 o concentra\u021bie mai mare dezinfecteaz\u0103 mai bine. La alcool \u00eens\u0103 lucrurile stau invers: <strong>alcoolul de 95% este un dezinfectant mai slab dec\u00e2t cel de 70%<\/strong>. El coaguleaz\u0103 prea repede proteinele de la suprafa\u021ba pielii \u0219i a microbilor \u0219i astfel nu p\u0103trunde \u00een profunzime \u2014 de exemplu \u00een pori \u2014 iar efectul r\u0103m\u00e2ne superficial.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eRecomandarea mea este s\u0103 se foloseasc\u0103 alcool 70%\u201d, spune dr. Jelev. Pentru ca acesta s\u0103 nu usuce pielea \u0219i s\u0103 nu apar\u0103 r\u0103ni \u0219i ragade, ad\u0103uga\u021bi <strong>10% glicerin\u0103<\/strong> \u2014 la 1 litru de alcool, 100 ml de glicerin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Alcoolul etilic denaturat pentru scopuri tehnice \u2014 \u00een care se adaug\u0103 substan\u021be ce \u00eel fac impropriu consumului \u2014 poate fi folosit de asemenea pentru dezinfec\u021bia m\u00e2inilor \u0219i a suprafe\u021belor, dar, desigur, nu pentru b\u0103ut.<\/p>\n<h2>Aten\u021bie la copii<\/h2>\n<p>La adul\u021bi, folosirea alcoolului pentru m\u00e2ini \u0219i suprafe\u021be este sigur\u0103, dar la copii poate ap\u0103rea <strong>intoxica\u021bie alcoolic\u0103 prin piele<\/strong> \u2014 mai ales la utilizare frecvent\u0103 sau pe o suprafa\u021b\u0103 mare. Au fost descrise chiar cazuri de deces la bebelu\u0219i dup\u0103 frec\u021bii cu rachiu. De aceea, la copiii mici folosi\u021bi dezinfectan\u021bi doar \u00een caz de strict\u0103 necesitate \u2014 cu aten\u021bie \u0219i limitat.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u0103punul este suficient<\/h2>\n<p>Dezinfec\u021bia cu alcool nu este obligatorie. Sp\u0103larea temeinic\u0103 a m\u00e2inilor cu <strong>ap\u0103 cald\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103pun<\/strong> este suficient de eficient\u0103 \u2014 s\u0103punul distruge structura de suprafa\u021b\u0103 a coronavirusului, \u00eei \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 literalmente \u201ecoroana\u201d. La cur\u0103\u021barea telefoanelor \u0219i a clan\u021belor, dac\u0103 nu ave\u021bi alcool 70%, se poate folosi \u0219i o b\u0103utur\u0103 tare precum vodca sau rachiul, chiar dac\u0103 efectul este mai slab.<\/p>\n<p class=\"lb-source\">Surs\u0103: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoz.bg\/bulgaria\/6840-spirt-za-gorene-dezinfektsia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">infoz.bg<\/a>, iulie 2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Epidemiologul explic\u0103 de ce alcoolul metilic, \u201efruntea&#8221; de la distilarea rachiului \u0219i antigelul sunt periculoase chiar \u0219i pe piele, de ce alcoolul de 70% dezinfecteaz\u0103 mai bine dec\u00e2t cel de 95% \u0219i ce este de fapt suficient \u2014 s\u0103pun \u0219i ap\u0103 cald\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":98179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2414],"tags":[2431,2537,2425,2452,2453,2458,2525,2460],"class_list":["post-98178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-ro-2","tag-alcool-ro","tag-alcool-ro-2","tag-covid-19-ro-2","tag-dezinfectanti-ro","tag-dezinfectie-ro","tag-etanol-ro","tag-prima-calitate-ro","tag-protectie-antivirala-ro","post-with-thumbnail","post-with-thumbnail-icon"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.1 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dr. Georgi Jelev: nu dezinfecta\u021bi cu rachiu de cas\u0103 \u0219i spirt de ars<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"De 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